1 Introduction
Since the chain operation entered the Chinese market, it has shown a good momentum of development due to its advantages of bulk purchase, centralized distribution, unified management and unified price. The development of the chain industry and the construction of the distribution center are the key. Effective distribution management can reduce operating costs and increase commodity turnover, so as to reduce losses caused by risks and achieve profit. The introduction of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system is a better solution to improve management efficiency.
In recent years, some large-scale retail chain enterprises in China have established a relatively complete marketing network system, and partially implemented the ERP enterprise resource management system. However, there are still many shortcomings in the construction of a modern logistics management system, especially in the management mode of the distribution center, which still stays in the manual operation management stage. The backward distribution center management model and facilities are increasingly difficult to adapt to the growing demand for goods distribution. Therefore, the application of advanced RFID technology and computer network communication technology to change the distribution center management mode and realize the automation of distribution management has become a trend.
At present, the RFID market started shortly, and the application service platform of RFID mode is still in the exploratory stage. Providing an application service platform suitable for the RFID mode of domestic enterprises has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper has carried out research on the distribution management architecture based on RFID mode, which can guide The establishment of RFID logistics application service platform, continuously improve related technologies and promote the research and application of RFID application services, and provide powerful service and support for the development of enterprise information.
2. 2. RFID Overview
RFID is an automatic identification technology that began to use the radio frequency signal to realize contactless information transmission through spatial coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) and achieve the purpose of identification through the transmitted information. It consists of a smaller sensor tag than a rice grain and a set of reading and writing devices. The basic working principle is very simple. First, the integrated circuit sends a signal to the reader. After the reader receives the signal, it generates a certain electric field or magnetic field. The electric field or magnetic field interacts with the device inside the tag to generate a certain internal inside the tag. The current, which in turn forms a different voltage, produces a signal represented by "0" or "1" which can be converted by the card reader into a digital signal that is recognized by the integrated circuit.
The RFID system should include at least two parts, one is the reader, and the other is the electronic tag (or RF card, transponder, etc.). Also include antennas, mainframes, etc. In the specific application process of RFID system, the composition of the system will be different according to different application purposes and application environment. However, from the working principle of RFID system, the system generally consists of signal transmitter, signal receiver, transmission and reception. The antenna is composed of several parts.
Currently widely used automatic identification technologies are mainly bar code, IC card and RF card technology. Bar code cost is the lowest, suitable for occasions where demand is large and data does not have to be changed (such as commodity packaging), but it is easy to wear, data can not be changed, and data storage is small, collection speed and efficiency are limited; IC card data Good security, large amount of data storage, but because its contacts are exposed, the contacts are resistant to corrosion and pollution, and are easily damaged. The biggest advantage of radio frequency card (RFID) is non-contact, anti-interference ability is very good. Strong, not affected by the environment, so no need for manual intervention when completing the identification work, it can identify and tell the moving object and can identify multiple targets at the same time, and the operation is quick and convenient. Radio frequency identification technology has a close relationship with IC cards, and data is stored in electronic data carriers (called transponders). However, the energy supply of the transponder and the exchange of data between the transponder and the reader are not through the contact of the current but through the magnetic or electromagnetic field, which uses radio and radar technology.
3. RFID-based distribution center logistics management
3.1 Construction of the RFID model The principle of logistics management in the distribution center:
1) Revenue analysis: RFID technology can not only reduce labor costs, but also solve the two major retail problems of goods out of stock and loss. By using RFID technology, Wal-Mart can save labor costs by $3.35 billion annually and recover more than $2 billion from theft.
2) Benefit Analysis: Since RFID tags can uniquely identify goods, through the combination of computer technology, network technology, database technology, etc., it is possible to track goods in all aspects of logistics and grasp the dynamic information of products in real time. By applying this technology, the following objectives can be achieved: obtaining the expected benefits, shortening the working time, improving the quality of the inventory operation, increasing the throughput of the distribution center, reducing the running cost, realizing the visual management, and transmitting the information more quickly and accurately.
3) Advanced analysis: The advanced nature of RFID technology lies in the use of radio waves, non-contact, long-distance, dynamic multi-target and large-scale simultaneous transmission of identification information to achieve a true "one thing, one code", which can quickly track items. And data exchange. Because RFID technology eliminates the manual intervention in the tracking process, it can greatly improve work efficiency while saving a lot of manpower, so it has great appeal to logistics and supply chain management.
4) Security analysis: The communication between the RFID tag and the reader can in fact ensure the security with various existing advanced technologies, and the application of RFID is usually based on a multi-service system, in which the security is Implemented through multiple levels. Starting from the chip, different levels of security are included in contactless radio frequency (RF) systems; existing data protection and anti-tampering technologies can resist single-channel and other intrusion attacks and protect data security on RF chips; Encryption technology is also used in RF chips to solve all current security issues.
3.2 RFID-based distribution center logistics management architecture
The basic process of the distribution center: After the supplier sends the goods to the distribution center, they are sent to different locations on the shelf after checking the procurement plan and conducting the product inspection. After proposing the plan for the goods, the computer system finds out the storage location of the required goods and prints the label of the store code. The whole packaged goods are sent directly from the shelf to the conveyor belt, and the scattered goods are taken out by the workbench and sent to the conveyor. Under normal circumstances, the goods can be delivered on the same day that the store wants the goods.
Distribution center operation process: warehousing - inspection - custody - picking - outbound - bale - delivery - delivery.
The goods delivered by the supplier have two kinds of treatments in the distribution center. One is that the demand for the store is not particularly clear. It is necessary to adjust according to the sales at any time, such as some fast moving consumer goods, which needs to be sorted according to the demand and then sent. To the store; the other is for some products with relatively fixed sales. The demand of the store is generally clear. After the supplier delivers the goods, the distribution center will automatically generate the transfer order according to the pre-allocated order. , the goods are sent to the stores.
The first case solution:
1) Receiving goods
When the goods are shipped from the supplier, the container electronic label is configured. The electronic label records the name, quantity, characteristics, delivery location, arrival place, delivery note number, and order details of the parts. When the delivery vehicle arrives into the antenna field, the fixed reader reads the label of the container in batches, obtains all the cargo information in the container, and passes it to the management system, and simultaneously prints the actual arrival order.
The driver will deliver the delivery note to the staff, and the staff will check the delivery note and the delivery notice (printed according to the basic information of the pre-loaded goods that the system has imported in advance, including the name, quantity, size, estimated storage time, Cargo RFID information, delivery truck information, etc.). After the check is completed, the delivery notice is handed over to the warehouse manager, the warehouse manager arranges the unloading and acceptance, and the electronic label is affixed on the warehouse unloading platform. The warehouse manager carries out the goods acceptance according to the actual arrival order provided by the system. After the acceptance is completed, the goods variety and the corresponding actual quantity are written on the cargo space label of the area to be inspected and transmitted to the management system. The system associates the electronic label EPC code of the area to be inspected with the actual arrival order of the goods.
2) Storage
The goods are placed on pallets when they are in storage, and when the forklift transports the pallets containing the goods to the vicinity of the warehouse door, the reader can read out the RFID information of the pallets and the goods on them in batches. After the goods enter the tally area, the warehouse manager scans the goods barcode and determines whether the product is in the open or on the shelf. If entering the shelf, the goods are transported to the specific location via the conveyor belt (the reader is installed above the cargo conveyor belt. When the cargo passes through the conveyor belt, the system quickly obtains the information of the cargo through the reader and immediately transmits it to the WMS system. The system arranges the storage location according to the location information. A special lifting device is set on each location to automatically help the goods). If the warehouse is closed, it will be directly sent to the specific location by the forklift. At this time, the name, quantity, specification and unit of measurement of the goods are recorded on the location label. After the same batch of goods has been scanned, the warehouse manager uploads the information scanned by the scanner to the RFID system in text form. The RFID system establishes an association between the inbound order number, the EPC code, the order number, and the inbound time based on the information scanned by the scanner, the EPC code obtained by the RFID reader, and the information imported from the enterprise system.
3) Picking
The picking system can download the delivery order to the server of the distribution center management system and convert it into a picking order, which is then electronically transmitted to each component. The staff reads the location label of the warehouse area through the handheld reader to obtain information such as the current cargo name and actual quantity. After checking the information of the picking list, the required goods are sorted and removed from the storage area, and then the electronic tag information of the storage space is updated in real time by the reader. Finally, the real-time collection of on-site data is transmitted to the distribution center management system, and the picking information is immediately updated, and the manager can grasp the various conditions of the picking site according to the computer display.
4) Sorting
The distribution center sorting area installation identification system realizes automatic review and release of the goods while the goods are diverted.
5) Distribution
After entering the fitting area, the staff will be equipped according to the matching work order of each distribution point. Each type of goods is individually packaged in a container, at which point an electronic label is affixed to the container. After the goods are assembled, write the name, quantity, and installation time of the goods on the container label, and write the names and quantities of the stored goods on the vehicle label. The vehicle electronic tag EPC is associated with the cargo EPC. When the goods leave the distribution center, the channel reader reads the information on the label and sends it to the processing system to automatically generate a shipping list.
In the transportation management, RFID receiving and forwarding devices are installed at some checkpoints of the transportation line. When the vehicle with the RFID tag passes, the receiving device can receive the RFID tag information and upload it to the communication satellite together with the location information of the receiving place. Then, it is transmitted to the transportation dispatching center by satellite and sent to the database, so that the arrival time of the goods can be accurately predicted, real-time monitoring of the goods delivery and transportation can be realized, and the goods can be delivered to the customer in time.
The second case treatment plan:
The distribution center inputs the pre-allocation information and the receipt information into the distribution management system, and the distribution management system automatically generates the transfer information to be sent to each store.
Firstly, the pre-allocation order made by the distribution center according to the sales situation of each store is mainly for some goods with relatively fixed sales situation, and the pre-allocation order is established; secondly, the goods delivered by the supplier are received, including the quantity and type of goods accepted. According to the content of the order, the actual goods are recorded in the inventory record of the distribution center; then according to the pre-allocated order, the transfer order is generated according to the actual goods, and the distribution center will use the transfer order for each store. Send the goods.
This situation is consistent with the first case in the application of RFID. The processing method is similar, and will not be described again.
4. Summary
The distribution center is essentially a modern logistics base integrating the collection center, the distribution center and the distribution processing center. As the volume of business continues to grow and customer demand continues to increase, distribution center management is also facing increasing challenges. According to the informationization needs of distribution center logistics business, this paper constructs an architecture based on RFID distribution center logistics management, elaborates its structure and functional technology, and makes a preliminary exploration for the research and application of RFID distribution service. However, how to promote the use of the model and fundamentally solve the common problems of logistics management in the distribution center still needs the joint research and discussion of the whole society. In addition, the application of RFID systems in various fields of the logistics industry needs further improvement.
Since the chain operation entered the Chinese market, it has shown a good momentum of development due to its advantages of bulk purchase, centralized distribution, unified management and unified price. The development of the chain industry and the construction of the distribution center are the key. Effective distribution management can reduce operating costs and increase commodity turnover, so as to reduce losses caused by risks and achieve profit. The introduction of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system is a better solution to improve management efficiency.
In recent years, some large-scale retail chain enterprises in China have established a relatively complete marketing network system, and partially implemented the ERP enterprise resource management system. However, there are still many shortcomings in the construction of a modern logistics management system, especially in the management mode of the distribution center, which still stays in the manual operation management stage. The backward distribution center management model and facilities are increasingly difficult to adapt to the growing demand for goods distribution. Therefore, the application of advanced RFID technology and computer network communication technology to change the distribution center management mode and realize the automation of distribution management has become a trend.
At present, the RFID market started shortly, and the application service platform of RFID mode is still in the exploratory stage. Providing an application service platform suitable for the RFID mode of domestic enterprises has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper has carried out research on the distribution management architecture based on RFID mode, which can guide The establishment of RFID logistics application service platform, continuously improve related technologies and promote the research and application of RFID application services, and provide powerful service and support for the development of enterprise information.
2. 2. RFID Overview
RFID is an automatic identification technology that began to use the radio frequency signal to realize contactless information transmission through spatial coupling (alternating magnetic field or electromagnetic field) and achieve the purpose of identification through the transmitted information. It consists of a smaller sensor tag than a rice grain and a set of reading and writing devices. The basic working principle is very simple. First, the integrated circuit sends a signal to the reader. After the reader receives the signal, it generates a certain electric field or magnetic field. The electric field or magnetic field interacts with the device inside the tag to generate a certain internal inside the tag. The current, which in turn forms a different voltage, produces a signal represented by "0" or "1" which can be converted by the card reader into a digital signal that is recognized by the integrated circuit.
The RFID system should include at least two parts, one is the reader, and the other is the electronic tag (or RF card, transponder, etc.). Also include antennas, mainframes, etc. In the specific application process of RFID system, the composition of the system will be different according to different application purposes and application environment. However, from the working principle of RFID system, the system generally consists of signal transmitter, signal receiver, transmission and reception. The antenna is composed of several parts.
Currently widely used automatic identification technologies are mainly bar code, IC card and RF card technology. Bar code cost is the lowest, suitable for occasions where demand is large and data does not have to be changed (such as commodity packaging), but it is easy to wear, data can not be changed, and data storage is small, collection speed and efficiency are limited; IC card data Good security, large amount of data storage, but because its contacts are exposed, the contacts are resistant to corrosion and pollution, and are easily damaged. The biggest advantage of radio frequency card (RFID) is non-contact, anti-interference ability is very good. Strong, not affected by the environment, so no need for manual intervention when completing the identification work, it can identify and tell the moving object and can identify multiple targets at the same time, and the operation is quick and convenient. Radio frequency identification technology has a close relationship with IC cards, and data is stored in electronic data carriers (called transponders). However, the energy supply of the transponder and the exchange of data between the transponder and the reader are not through the contact of the current but through the magnetic or electromagnetic field, which uses radio and radar technology.
3. RFID-based distribution center logistics management
3.1 Construction of the RFID model The principle of logistics management in the distribution center:
1) Revenue analysis: RFID technology can not only reduce labor costs, but also solve the two major retail problems of goods out of stock and loss. By using RFID technology, Wal-Mart can save labor costs by $3.35 billion annually and recover more than $2 billion from theft.
2) Benefit Analysis: Since RFID tags can uniquely identify goods, through the combination of computer technology, network technology, database technology, etc., it is possible to track goods in all aspects of logistics and grasp the dynamic information of products in real time. By applying this technology, the following objectives can be achieved: obtaining the expected benefits, shortening the working time, improving the quality of the inventory operation, increasing the throughput of the distribution center, reducing the running cost, realizing the visual management, and transmitting the information more quickly and accurately.
3) Advanced analysis: The advanced nature of RFID technology lies in the use of radio waves, non-contact, long-distance, dynamic multi-target and large-scale simultaneous transmission of identification information to achieve a true "one thing, one code", which can quickly track items. And data exchange. Because RFID technology eliminates the manual intervention in the tracking process, it can greatly improve work efficiency while saving a lot of manpower, so it has great appeal to logistics and supply chain management.
4) Security analysis: The communication between the RFID tag and the reader can in fact ensure the security with various existing advanced technologies, and the application of RFID is usually based on a multi-service system, in which the security is Implemented through multiple levels. Starting from the chip, different levels of security are included in contactless radio frequency (RF) systems; existing data protection and anti-tampering technologies can resist single-channel and other intrusion attacks and protect data security on RF chips; Encryption technology is also used in RF chips to solve all current security issues.
3.2 RFID-based distribution center logistics management architecture
The basic process of the distribution center: After the supplier sends the goods to the distribution center, they are sent to different locations on the shelf after checking the procurement plan and conducting the product inspection. After proposing the plan for the goods, the computer system finds out the storage location of the required goods and prints the label of the store code. The whole packaged goods are sent directly from the shelf to the conveyor belt, and the scattered goods are taken out by the workbench and sent to the conveyor. Under normal circumstances, the goods can be delivered on the same day that the store wants the goods.
Distribution center operation process: warehousing - inspection - custody - picking - outbound - bale - delivery - delivery.
The goods delivered by the supplier have two kinds of treatments in the distribution center. One is that the demand for the store is not particularly clear. It is necessary to adjust according to the sales at any time, such as some fast moving consumer goods, which needs to be sorted according to the demand and then sent. To the store; the other is for some products with relatively fixed sales. The demand of the store is generally clear. After the supplier delivers the goods, the distribution center will automatically generate the transfer order according to the pre-allocated order. , the goods are sent to the stores.
The first case solution:
1) Receiving goods
When the goods are shipped from the supplier, the container electronic label is configured. The electronic label records the name, quantity, characteristics, delivery location, arrival place, delivery note number, and order details of the parts. When the delivery vehicle arrives into the antenna field, the fixed reader reads the label of the container in batches, obtains all the cargo information in the container, and passes it to the management system, and simultaneously prints the actual arrival order.
The driver will deliver the delivery note to the staff, and the staff will check the delivery note and the delivery notice (printed according to the basic information of the pre-loaded goods that the system has imported in advance, including the name, quantity, size, estimated storage time, Cargo RFID information, delivery truck information, etc.). After the check is completed, the delivery notice is handed over to the warehouse manager, the warehouse manager arranges the unloading and acceptance, and the electronic label is affixed on the warehouse unloading platform. The warehouse manager carries out the goods acceptance according to the actual arrival order provided by the system. After the acceptance is completed, the goods variety and the corresponding actual quantity are written on the cargo space label of the area to be inspected and transmitted to the management system. The system associates the electronic label EPC code of the area to be inspected with the actual arrival order of the goods.
2) Storage
The goods are placed on pallets when they are in storage, and when the forklift transports the pallets containing the goods to the vicinity of the warehouse door, the reader can read out the RFID information of the pallets and the goods on them in batches. After the goods enter the tally area, the warehouse manager scans the goods barcode and determines whether the product is in the open or on the shelf. If entering the shelf, the goods are transported to the specific location via the conveyor belt (the reader is installed above the cargo conveyor belt. When the cargo passes through the conveyor belt, the system quickly obtains the information of the cargo through the reader and immediately transmits it to the WMS system. The system arranges the storage location according to the location information. A special lifting device is set on each location to automatically help the goods). If the warehouse is closed, it will be directly sent to the specific location by the forklift. At this time, the name, quantity, specification and unit of measurement of the goods are recorded on the location label. After the same batch of goods has been scanned, the warehouse manager uploads the information scanned by the scanner to the RFID system in text form. The RFID system establishes an association between the inbound order number, the EPC code, the order number, and the inbound time based on the information scanned by the scanner, the EPC code obtained by the RFID reader, and the information imported from the enterprise system.
3) Picking
The picking system can download the delivery order to the server of the distribution center management system and convert it into a picking order, which is then electronically transmitted to each component. The staff reads the location label of the warehouse area through the handheld reader to obtain information such as the current cargo name and actual quantity. After checking the information of the picking list, the required goods are sorted and removed from the storage area, and then the electronic tag information of the storage space is updated in real time by the reader. Finally, the real-time collection of on-site data is transmitted to the distribution center management system, and the picking information is immediately updated, and the manager can grasp the various conditions of the picking site according to the computer display.
4) Sorting
The distribution center sorting area installation identification system realizes automatic review and release of the goods while the goods are diverted.
5) Distribution
After entering the fitting area, the staff will be equipped according to the matching work order of each distribution point. Each type of goods is individually packaged in a container, at which point an electronic label is affixed to the container. After the goods are assembled, write the name, quantity, and installation time of the goods on the container label, and write the names and quantities of the stored goods on the vehicle label. The vehicle electronic tag EPC is associated with the cargo EPC. When the goods leave the distribution center, the channel reader reads the information on the label and sends it to the processing system to automatically generate a shipping list.
In the transportation management, RFID receiving and forwarding devices are installed at some checkpoints of the transportation line. When the vehicle with the RFID tag passes, the receiving device can receive the RFID tag information and upload it to the communication satellite together with the location information of the receiving place. Then, it is transmitted to the transportation dispatching center by satellite and sent to the database, so that the arrival time of the goods can be accurately predicted, real-time monitoring of the goods delivery and transportation can be realized, and the goods can be delivered to the customer in time.
The second case treatment plan:
The distribution center inputs the pre-allocation information and the receipt information into the distribution management system, and the distribution management system automatically generates the transfer information to be sent to each store.
Firstly, the pre-allocation order made by the distribution center according to the sales situation of each store is mainly for some goods with relatively fixed sales situation, and the pre-allocation order is established; secondly, the goods delivered by the supplier are received, including the quantity and type of goods accepted. According to the content of the order, the actual goods are recorded in the inventory record of the distribution center; then according to the pre-allocated order, the transfer order is generated according to the actual goods, and the distribution center will use the transfer order for each store. Send the goods.
This situation is consistent with the first case in the application of RFID. The processing method is similar, and will not be described again.
4. Summary
The distribution center is essentially a modern logistics base integrating the collection center, the distribution center and the distribution processing center. As the volume of business continues to grow and customer demand continues to increase, distribution center management is also facing increasing challenges. According to the informationization needs of distribution center logistics business, this paper constructs an architecture based on RFID distribution center logistics management, elaborates its structure and functional technology, and makes a preliminary exploration for the research and application of RFID distribution service. However, how to promote the use of the model and fundamentally solve the common problems of logistics management in the distribution center still needs the joint research and discussion of the whole society. In addition, the application of RFID systems in various fields of the logistics industry needs further improvement.
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