ABS-Antilock Braking System
ABS is an acronym for Anti-lock Braking System. The earliest ABS system in the world was first applied to aircraft and later became standard equipment for limousines. Nowadays, most cars are equipped with ABS.
The masters who used to drive in the past all have experience and can not be trampled to death. Instead, they should brake step by step, step on and off until the car stops, but when an emergency brake is encountered, it often requires an emergency car to stop. The foot stops the car in the end. At this time, the wheels are locked and do not rotate, which makes the car dangerous. For example, the front wheel lock causes the car to lose its ability to turn, and the rear wheel locks cause a tail-flicking accident. The installation of ABS is to solve the problem of wheel lock when braking. The car equipped with ABS can effectively control the wheel to remain in the rotating state and will not rotate when it is averted, thus greatly improving the stability of the car when braking and the poor road surface. Under the car braking performance. ABS continuously checks the rotation speed of each wheel through a speed sensor mounted on each wheel or drive shaft, and calculates the wheel slip ratio at that time (by sliding rate to know if the car wheel has been locked), and The ideal slip ratio is compared with the decision to increase or decrease the brake pressure, and the command actuator is used to adjust the brake pressure in time to keep the wheel in an ideal braking state. Therefore, the ABS device can always maintain the wheel in a rolling state with slight slip, and does not lock, so as to improve the braking performance.
ASR-acceleration anti-skid system
Abbreviation for Acceleration Slip Regulation, to prevent the driving wheels from slipping at the start and reacceleration of vehicles, especially large horsepower vehicles, in order to maintain the stability of the vehicle's driving direction. The difference between ASR and ABS is that ABS prevents sides from slipping when the wheels are locked during braking, while ASR prevents skidding due to the driving wheels slipping when the car accelerates. ASR is based on ABS. Expansion, the two complement each other.
EBD-Electronic brake force distribution system
EBD can automatically adjust the braking force distribution ratio of front and rear axles based on the difference in axle load transfer caused by the braking of the vehicle to improve the braking performance and to improve the braking stability with ABS. When the car is braking, the ground conditions on which four tires are attached are often different. For example, sometimes the left front wheel and the right rear wheel are attached to the dry concrete floor, while the right front wheel and the left rear wheel are attached to water or muddy water. This will result in the four wheels and the ground when the car is braking. Friction is not the same, which can cause slipping, tilting, and rollover accidents when braking. EBD uses a high-speed computer to sense and calculate the different grounds on which four tires are attached at the moment of vehicle braking. Different friction values ​​are obtained, so that the braking devices of the four tires are used in different ways according to different situations. The power is braked and constantly adjusted at high speed during the movement to ensure the smoothness and safety of the vehicle.
TCS-traction control system
TCS is also called tracking control system. When the car is braking on a smooth road, the wheels can slip and even lose direction. Similarly, when a car starts or accelerates rapidly, the driving wheels may also slip, and on a smooth road such as ice and snow, the direction may be out of control and dangerous. TCS is designed for this problem. When the TCS relies on an electronic sensor to detect that the speed of the driven wheel is lower than the driving wheel (this is a feature of slippage), it will send out a signal to adjust the ignition timing, reduce the valve opening, reduce the throttle, downshift or brake the wheel. Make the wheels no longer slippery. TCS can improve the car's driving stability, improve acceleration, and improve climbing ability. The TCS was originally installed on limousines and is now available on many ordinary cars. If TCS and ABS cooperate with each other, it will further enhance the safety performance of the car. TCS and ABS can share the wheel speed sensor on the axle and connect with the driving computer to constantly monitor the rotation speed of each wheel. When the slip is found at low speed, TCS will immediately notify the ABS to reduce the slipping of this wheel. If slippage is found at a high speed, TCS immediately sends instructions to the trip computer to command the engine to slow down or the transmission to downshift, so that the slipping wheels no longer skid and prevent the vehicle from running out of control.
ESP-Electronic Stability Program
ESP is actually a traction control system. Compared with other traction control systems, ESP not only controls the driving wheels, but also controls the driven wheels. If rear-wheel drive vehicles often experience excessive steering, then the rear wheels will lose control and flick their tails, ESP will brake the outer front wheel to stabilize the car; when the steering is too little, the ESP will brake to correct the tracking direction. Slow the rear wheel to correct the direction of travel. Some OEMs use ESP systems with other names, such as BMW's DSC, Toyota's VSC, etc. Their functions and principles are roughly the same as ESP.
IDIS - Intelligent Driving Information System
Helps prevent drivers from distracting while driving. For example, when the driver needs to concentrate all his energy in situations such as overtaking or braking, signals from mobile phones and other peripheral information sources are automatically delayed and transmitted when the situation becomes stable. The IDIS function can continuously record the driver's activity by monitoring the movement amplitude of the steering wheel, the movement range of the accelerator pedal, the steering signal function, and the braking action amplitude. After this information is processed and the driver's activity reaches a certain level, it will Delay information that is not very important. Under normal circumstances, the driver can answer the phone, read the message, and receive traffic information at any time.
Speeding alarm and automatic speed limit device
The role is to limit the speed too high to prevent accidents caused by excessive speed. The electronic speed limiter can monitor the speed of the vehicle in real time. When the vehicle speed reaches a certain value, it will control the rotation speed of the fuel supply system and the engine. Even if the accelerator pedal is depressed, the fuel supply system will not supply oil.
Side door bumper
When the car is hit by a side impact, the door is easily deformed by impact and directly injure the occupants in the vehicle. In order to improve the safety performance of automobiles, many automobile companies place one or two very strong steel beams in the middle of the door sandwich layer of the car. This is the so-called side door anti-collision bar. The anti-collision effect of the anti-collision bar is: when the side door is impacted, the solid anti-collision bar can greatly reduce the degree of deformation of the side door, so as to reduce the impact of the car impact on the occupants of the vehicle.
Preloaded seat belt
Preloaded seat belts are characterized by the fact that when a car crashes, if the occupant has not moved forward, it will first tighten the webbing, immediately fasten the occupant tightly to the seat, and then lock the webbing to prevent the occupant from getting in front of the body. Dump, effectively protect the safety of the occupants. The retractor, which plays a major role in the pre-tensioned seat belt, is different from an ordinary seat belt. In addition to the retracting and retracting function of an ordinary retractor, it also has the effect of restraining the occupant at around 0.1 s when the speed of the retractor changes abruptly. Force, so it also has control devices and pre-tensioning devices. There are two types of control devices: one is an electronic control device and the other is a mechanical control device. Pre-tensioning devices come in a variety of forms. The common pre-tensioning device is an explosion-ignition type consisting of a gas initiator, a gas generating agent, a conduit, a piston, a rope, and a drive wheel. When the pre-tensioning device is activated when the car is impacted, the gas initiator in the bottom of the sealed pipe immediately ignites spontaneously and detonates the gas generating agent in the same sealed conduit. The gas generating agent immediately generates a large amount of gas expansion, forcing the piston to move upward to pull the rope. The rope drives the driving wheel to rotate the number driving wheel to rotate the retractor drum, the webbing is wound on the drum, and the webbing is pulled back. Finally, the retractor locks the webbing in an emergency and secures the body of the occupant, preventing the body from leaning forward to avoid colliding with the steering wheel, dashboard, and glass windows.
SRS-Airbag
Airbags are an attractive high-tech device on modern cars. The car steering wheel with the airbag device installed is usually no different from the ordinary steering wheel. However, once a strong collision occurs at the front of the car, the airbag will instantly “snap†out of the steering wheel and place it between the steering wheel and the driver. The driver's head and chest hit a hard object such as a steering wheel or dashboard. Since the advent of airbags, many lives have been saved. Studies have shown that frontal cars with airbag installations have suffered a frontal collision, the driver’s death rate has been reduced by 30% for large cars, 11% for medium-sized cars, and 14% for small cars.
Airbags mainly consist of sensors, microprocessors, gas generators, and airbags. The sensors and microprocessors are used to determine the degree of collision and transmit and send signals. The gas generator generates ignition action according to the signal indication, ignites the solid fuel and inflates the gas to the airbag to rapidly inflate the airbag. The capacity of the airbag is approximately (50-90)L. . At the same time, the air bag is provided with a safety valve. When the air bag is over-inflated or the pressure in the bag exceeds a certain value, part of the air is automatically vented to avoid crushing passengers. The gas used for airbags is mostly nitrogen or carbon monoxide.
In addition to airbags on the driver's side, the new sedan is also equipped with airbags (ie, dual airbags) in front of the passenger seat. Passengers use similar airbags, except that the airbags are larger and require more gas. a bit more. In addition, some cars also have side airbags installed on the side of the seat on the side of the door.
WHIPS-Crew's Head and Neck Protection System
WHIPS is generally installed in the front seats. When the car is impacted by the rear, the head and neck protection system will quickly inflate and inflate. The entire backrest will lean back with the occupant. The occupant's entire back and backrest will be securely close together, and the backrest will lean back to maximize the backrest. Reducing the force of the head forward and backwards, the seat back and headrest will move horizontally backwards, so that the upper body and head can be supported and protected softly and evenly to reduce the impact on the spine and neck. Force and prevent the head from throwing back.
High brake lights
The general brake lights (brake lights) are installed on both sides of the rear of the vehicle. When the driver depresses the brake pedal, the brake light is on and a red light is emitted to remind the rear vehicle to pay attention and not to rear-end. The brake light goes out when the driver releases the brake pedal. The high brake light is also called the third brake light. It is usually installed in the upper part of the rear of the car so that the rear vehicle can detect the vehicle ahead of time and apply braking to prevent car rear-end accidents. Since the car has two left and right brake lights, it is customary to also refer to the upper brake light installed in the upper part of the rear of the vehicle as the third brake light.
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