According to news recently published on the website of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the date for raising the environmental standards of diesel engine vehicles to the fourth national standard was postponed again. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, as of July 1, 2013, all production, import, sales, and registration of vehicle compression-ignition engines and vehicles must comply with the requirements of the National IV standard. The so-called automotive compression ignition engines and automobiles are mainly diesel engines and diesel vehicles.
The reasons for the delay are: Given that the supply of diesel fuel for vehicles that currently meet the requirements of the Fourth National Standard is still not in place, the implementation progress of the National IV standard has been severely restricted. In order to ensure the implementation of the standard, according to the actual supply of fuel for vehicles, it is decided to divide the model and sub-region to implement the four national standards.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, China’s automobile industry has developed rapidly, and the number of automobile production, sales, and possessions have continued to climb. In 2009, China’s auto production and sales volume exceeded 13 million vehicles, respectively, surpassing Japan and the United States, becoming the world’s largest automotive producer and consumer. market.
However, with the largest automobile country, it is the increasingly serious car exhaust pollution. The simultaneous upgrade of “vehicles, oils, and roads†is an important measure to ease the exhaust pollution of motor vehicles. The integration of vehicle and oil and oil products is also a typical experience of European countries and the United States in reducing pollution from motor vehicles.
The implementation of stricter automobile emission standards is one of the important measures to control the increasing emissions of automobile emissions and effectively solve the complex air pollution of cities and urban groups that endanger the health of the people. It is also an important guarantee for the integration of the Chinese automobile industry with the international market. However, good wishes have been difficult to reach. In fact, this is not the first time that the National IV standard has been postponed. The reason for delaying each time is basically a drag on fuel standards. 
In China, the lack of oil standards kidnapped by petrochemical companies, the lack of environmental protection regulatory mechanisms for vehicle oil products, and the existence of a transitional period in oil upgrading all make oil products a short board for pollution reduction in motor vehicles. The key to oil upgrading is desulphurization. Sinopec, PetroChina, and CNOOC have already mastered relevant technologies, but they believe that such investment is a burden when the cost of transformation cannot be passed on through the transfer of oil prices.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection originally planned to promote the four standards for diesel vehicles from January 1, 2011. However, in February 2011, the Ministry of Environmental Protection changed its claim that due to the fact that the National IV vehicle fuel standard has not yet been issued, it is still unable to ensure that the corresponding vehicle fuel is supplied nationwide, which will bring certain difficulties to the full implementation of the national standard for motor vehicles. The Department adjusted the implementation date of the fourth national standard for motor vehicles. That is, from January 1, 2012, any new compression-ignition (mainly diesel engine) vehicles that do not meet the requirements of the National IV Standard shall not be sold or registered; the new compression-ignition engines that do not meet the requirements of the National Four Standards must not be sold and invested. use.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection said at the time that for light diesel vehicles, it was tentatively postponed to implement the National IV standard for two years. That is, starting from July 1, 2013, all light diesel vehicles that do not meet the requirements of the National IV Standard shall not be sold or registered.
This progress is again delayed because of the upgrading of refined oil products. Industry data show that only 40% of the domestic Sinopec refineries can produce the country's standard diesel, and resource supply is still tight.
The Ministry of Environmental Protection has different opinions on the issue that refineries cannot produce enough high-standard diesel fuel. In the preparation report of the “Control Standards for Automotive Diesel Fuel Hazardous Substances (Fourth and Fifth Phases)†(Draft for Soliciting Opinions) issued in July 2010, the Ministry of Environmental Protection believes that both the economy and the technology will be Producing high-standard diesel is not a problem.
According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, according to incomplete statistics and conservative estimates, currently large-scale domestic refineries basically have the technical capacity to produce automotive diesel fuel that meets the requirements of the fourth phase (corresponding to the national fourth standard) for hazardous substances, for example, Sinopec Yanshan Petrochemical. , Gaoqiao Petrochemical, Jinshan Petrochemical, Guangzhou Petrochemical, Maoming Petrochemical, Hainan Refinery, Jinling Petrochemical, Qingdao Petrochemical, Zhenhai Refinery, Shijiazhuang Refinery, Changling Refinery, PetroChina South China Sales Company, Jieyang Refinery, Qinzhou Refinery , CNOOC Huizhou Refinery, etc., some of which have the technical capacity to produce automotive diesel fuel that meets the requirements for the control of harmful substances in the fifth phase (corresponding to the National Five Standard). Zhenhai Refining and PetroChina South China Sales Branch have begun production and supply satisfaction. The fifth phase of hazardous diesel control requires vehicle diesel.
In general, major refineries in the southeastern coastal areas and major automotive diesel producing areas have the technical capacity to produce and supply vehicle diesel oil that meets the requirements for the fourth phase of hazardous substances control. Some refineries in key regions already have production to meet the fifth phase. The technical capacity of automotive diesel required for control of hazardous substances, there will be more areas and refineries in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period have the ability to produce and supply automotive diesel fuel that meets the fourth and fifth phases of hazardous material control requirements.
From the perspective of economic investment, the Ministry of Environmental Protection stated that the refinery from vehicle diesel designed to meet the national second and third stage emission standards (corresponding to the national second and third national standards) has been upgraded to meet the fourth and fifth phase of hazardous substances. The diesel fuel required for control requires hydrodesulfurization or other desulfurization processes. In this way, on the one hand, investment in equipment such as hydrogenation units and S-zorb units (with a cost of more than 300 million yuan per unit) will be required. On the other hand, the consumption of materials and energy for the desulfurization process in the production process will increase, both of which are This will increase costs. In addition, other factors such as adjustment of product structure brought about by refinery process adjustments and increased requirements for crude oil sulfur content will also cause changes in costs.
According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, through investigation and incomplete understanding, auto gasoline and diesel are upgraded from the National Three Standards to the National Four Standards, and the cost increase is approximately 0.12-0.15 yuan per liter, which is equivalent to 160-200 yuan per ton.
In fact, China's petrochemical companies like to process high-sulfur crude oil because of the economy. China's crude oil imports come from the Middle East and its sulfur content is relatively high. Processing such crude oil can obtain better profits if the quality of refined oil is not high.
Under the situation that international oil prices have been rising all the time, the deep processing of inferior crude oil can earn about 100 yuan per ton more than the processing of conventional crude oil. High-sulphur crude oil is also not willing to be processed by foreign companies. Russia’s good oil is not sold to China, and the oil sold to China is not remand by foreign countries and there are problems with environmental protection.
China still needs to improve its refining equipment and processes. From State II to State III and then to State IV, processing costs have increased. The United States has advanced oil refining technology compared to China. Moreover, the overall quality of crude oil processed by the United States is also better than that of China, and the sulphur content is much lower.
According to statistics, by the end of 2010, 20% of China's refineries will be built after 2007, and 47% of the refineries will be built after 2005. These newly-built refinery units have a high degree of integration and advanced technology. Of course, Sinopec, PetroChina, and other large oil companies still have a lot of old oil refining equipment and need to install additional hydrogenation equipment for upgrading. This means that the cost increases.
However, actually increasing environmental requirements does not necessarily mean that it is not economically worthwhile. A relevant person in charge of PetroChina Shanghai once stated that because Shanghai's local oil product implementation standards are leading in the country, its sales price also has certain advantages over general oil products, and therefore, in the case of large-scale losses in refining and chemical industry, its impact is affected. It will be relatively small.
If the company has good technical capabilities, then processing high-sulfur crude oil can further increase profitability. Because the high-quality refined oil is also relatively high in pricing. However, the refinery with poor technology cannot do this. Need to invest in hydrogenation equipment, etc. This is not a small one-time investment.
It is due to the delays of large oil companies such as Sinopec, PetroChina, and the lack of relevant government departments that China's oil quality standards have always been lagging behind the automotive emission standards. Not only that, these large oil companies even considered the national standards passed by the State Council as a dead letter. July 1, 2011 was the day when China fully supplied the country's three standard diesel fuel, but there was no matching oil product on the market.
In 1998, the then State Environmental Protection Administration pushed for lead-free gasoline. Because there is evidence that lead pollution can damage the human nervous system, especially children's intelligence. As early as the 1970s, European and American countries have begun to implement lead-free gasoline. At the time, however, the attitude of the oil companies was not very positive. The reasons for pushing were also insufficient preparation time and the immature craft system. The addition of lead to gasoline is mainly to change the octane number of gasoline (an important indicator reflecting the antiknock performance of fuel and affecting engine power). The process is relatively simple and the cost is low.
Ultimately, leading lead-free gasoline is not an environmental protection department, but a higher-level administrative force. In 1998, the State Council issued the Decree No. 129 to stop the production and sales of leaded petrol for use within a period of time. As of July 1, 2000, China had completed lead-free gasoline production in just two years.
Since at that time 94% of the country's gasoline was produced by Sinopec and PetroChina, the two oil giants played a key role in the prohibition of lead. According to a report issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2001, Sinopec started producing unleaded petrol on July 1, 1999. From January 1, 2000, its affiliated gas station stopped selling leaded gasoline and reached the State Council six months in advance. Claim.
It can be seen from this that how to solve the problem of the delayed emission standards of China National Diesel Engine? China's experience in the depilation of gasoline may provide lessons. It is to involve higher-level administrative forces.
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