The sum of heavy mineral sands ore gold associated called heavy minerals. In the production practice, the concentrate obtained by selecting the chute, jig and other equipment for sand gold is also called heavy sand. Heavy sand can be divided into three types according to the amount of heavy minerals contained in the gold ore re-election product: 1. coarse selection of heavy sand - coarse concentrate obtained by rough selection equipment, which contains many gangues, heavy mineral content 20 to 30% or less; 2. Gray heavy sand - the coarse selection of heavy sand through the first selected concentrate, which has a heavy mineral content of 50%; 3. Black heavy sand - obtained from the final selection equipment Concentrate, in which the heavy mineral content is greater than 80%. The content of various heavy minerals in heavy sand can be determined by mineralogy or chemically.
     These heavy sand minerals should be further separated. The purpose of separating heavy sand is to: 1. Remove residual light minerals and gangue minerals. 2. Extract gold from heavy sand; 3. Separate other heavy sand minerals from heavy sand. The process of heavy sand separation depends on the characteristics of the heavy minerals and the metal content, and is usually treated by a shaker, a jig, an internal amalgam , a magnetic separator and an electric separator. It is worth noting that many small mines and sporadic scattered mines have abandoned heavy sand, which not only wastes national resources, but also is economically a loss. Where conditions permit, a heavy sand selection plant should be established to focus on the heavy sand at each mine site, try to recover the remaining gold and other associated minerals, and comprehensively utilize mineral resources to improve economic efficiency.
     For example, a gold mine in China used gold panning to recover gold from large concentrates (unselected heavy ore) in large fixed chutes, but at this time fine gold is often lost with other heavy minerals. Later, the construction of the mine plant selection, press reselection - magnetic separation - the amalgamation joint process (see below) was treated with heavy minerals pans after washing (typically gold 14.86 ~ 29.86 g / t, iron ore 38.38～40.36%, monazite 16.5～2.97%, zircon 0.89～1.55%), so the total gold output increased by 10%, and heavy minerals such as monazite were also recovered.
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