The data shows that in 2013, the global sales of electric vehicles were 226,000, an increase of 74% year-on-year, of which US sales were 144,000, an increase of 173% year-on-year. Although China's sales volume is only 17,600, which is a year-on-year increase of 38%, which is lower than the global average growth rate, it also illustrates from another perspective that the potential for the development of China's new energy vehicle market is quite large. So, what new opportunities will it bring to semiconductor manufacturers? Which products will have more opportunities? Let us listen to each one:
ADI
In the field of new energy vehicles, the system-level chip ADuC703X, which occupies more than 95% market share in Europe and the United States, is mainly used for lead-acid battery management and can accurately monitor the battery power to achieve engine start-stop functions and micro-hybrid; for medium/strong hybrid power Lithium battery management for vehicles and pure electric vehicles. The integrated solution AD7280A/AD8280 monitors the voltage and temperature input of six battery cells. The enhanced daisy chain interface can flexibly match the battery pack architecture of different battery cell counts. The device is powered by a battery pack and can provide shared or individual alarms for any of three conditions of overvoltage, overtemperature or undervoltage.
On the other hand, since systems such as battery management and motor control in electric vehicle systems have strong demand for high-voltage isolation products, ADI has also developed several high-voltage isolation products for different systems. For example, the high-voltage isolation gate drive chip series ADuM3223, ADuM4223 in the motor drive system, the high-efficiency isolation transformer control chip series ADuM347x in the battery management system, and the isolation analog sampling, isolation error amplifier and isolated USB communication chip products for some special applications.
IR:
Low-voltage motor drive: Suitable for critical applications with high safety requirements, such as brakes and steering systems. IR is developing a pre-driver that can match the ASIL-D class of critical safety targets required by the ISO 26262 standard; IR also developed a 40V automotive COOLiRFET technology to achieve an on-state resistance of less than 2mOhm in the AUIRFR8405Dpak package, or in the AUIRFS8409- The on-resistance of less than 0.75mOhm is implemented in the 7PD2pak7 pin package; for the 24 to 72V motor control drive, IR is developing specific medium voltage IC and FET technologies to optimize power solutions.
New IR Automotive Electronics Package Improves Die-to-Package Dimensionality, Allows Cooling on Both Sides of the Package, and Removes Gate and Source Wires (eg, DirectFETAUIRF8736M2) for Increased Power Density and Reliability (The maximum on-resistance value of 1.9mOhm was obtained in an area of ​​31.5mm2). In addition, IR has recently developed a variety of PQFN5*6 packaged automotive electronics products, such as single-tube AUIRFN8403TR with a minimum of 3.3mOhm and dual-tube AUIRFN8459TR with 5.9mOhm per switch.
Power Supply: IR has a complete 400V to 12VDC/DC solution, reducing the weight and size of passive components, simplifying the control side and other measures, while providing high efficiency while reducing the system cost in resonant topology. For example, based on the mix of high-voltage ICs, the AUIRS2191STR can achieve fast switching drive at 600V and 3.5A output; others include ultrafast IGBT AUIRGP65G40D0 with switching frequency up to 200KHz, dual 6A driver AIURB24427STR and automotive DirectFET technology for synchronous rectification ,
High-voltage motor drive: The new COOLiR IGBT technology is available in a variety of packages, such as the TO247 for 3Kw compressors or auxiliary inverters in other electronic vehicles, and the patented Super247 package for the AUIR GPS 4067D0 to increase the current performance to 120A. The high-current compact buffer AUIR08152S in the SO8 package can supply up to 10A to drive very high currents in parallel with the IGBT. For the main drive of electric vehicles, IR has also developed a very compact, variable-size, non-binding-lined CooliR2 die and bridging concept that provides double-sided cooling, increased reliability, and greatly reduced parasitic inductance and resistance. It was not implemented before.
Linear:
All series connected batteries need to be balanced. The self-discharge rate, electronic load, and temperature are different between cells. After multiple charge and discharge cycles, these differences can cause a serious imbalance in the state of charge of the battery, resulting in reduced battery capacity. For large-capacity battery packs, the heat generated by passive balancing (ie, the consumption of a single battery charge through a load resistor) is unacceptable, and a high-efficiency, high-current active balancer is the only viable solution.
The LTC3300 is designed to meet the need for two-way active balancing of large automotive battery systems. The device uses a non-isolated synchronous flyback topology that balances six of 12 cells or more in adjacent cells at a time to provide up to 10A of balanced current. By interleaving the secondary ends of each flyback transformer, charge is transferred from one 12-cell battery module to the next. For a typical battery-to-battery mismatch situation, very high transfer efficiency (efficiency>92%) and very large capacity recovery (>80%) can be achieved. The LTC3300 can be controlled through the serial port of the LTC6804. The two ICs form an accurate, easy-to-use battery monitor and balance system.
The LT8584 monolithic flyback DC/DC converter achieves active balancing using a unidirectional topology. This unidirectional approach has the advantage of being able to redistribute charge from a given battery to the entire battery pack, thereby enabling efficient battery discharge. This topology only allows the charge to move in the discharge direction, so the "charging" efficiency of a given battery is lower than that of the bidirectional mode. The integrated 6A power switch supports 2.5A average balanced current. The LT8584 can also measure balanced current, chip temperature, and cable resistance. The LT8584 is connected directly to the LTC6804 analog front-end (AFE) IC, which in turn enables an easy-to-use IC monitor and balancing solution.
ROHM:
Not only electric cars, but also the electronic field of continuous automobiles are capable of playing a market in which ROHM excels at high quality, high reliability, and high stability. Our main products include power supply ICs for ECUs, LED drivers, discrete component products, and SiC power components for automotive navigation, instrument panel, body, and engine control systems. Among them, SiCMOSEFT and large-capacity SiC power modules are the first mass production in the world, and its industry-leading performance, quality and ultra-low power consumption are very important for electric vehicles. In the future, in addition to continuing to strengthen its highly efficient power management solutions (power ICs, from various discrete components to modularity), it will also work with large-scale MCU manufacturers to propose system-wide total solutions.
TEConnectivity:
The high pressure field of new energy vehicles has always been a technical difficulty. The high-voltage, high-current environment imposes more stringent requirements on the performance of each component. Safe, reliable and efficient distribution and transmission have become the core and key to the safety of new energy vehicles. TE's new energy vehicle high voltage circuit connection, protection and management solutions include:
Contactors, Relays, and Circuit Protection: Protects the safety of the circuit system by eliminating the arc energy generated when the full load circuit system is switched on and off;
High voltage connector cable assembly: Flexible design and process help reduce weight, reduce installation time and costs
High-voltage terminals and connectors: Safe, secure and reliable transfer of data and energy between batteries and other high-voltage consumers;
High Voltage Distribution Box (HVPDU): Provides a complete solution for battery connection and power distribution systems;
New energy vehicles are usually operated under high-power vehicle power. The voltage of the drive system of electric commercial vehicles can reach as high as 700 VDC or more, and the current can reach as high as 400 A. This poses a great challenge to the design of high-voltage power distribution systems and the selection of high-voltage components.
Considering the complexity of the entire vehicle space and the entire vehicle architecture and the cost, the industry widely adopts centralized high-voltage electrical system architecture for power distribution. However, most of the high-voltage power distribution boxes currently on the market use the design concept of industrial high-voltage power distribution boxes, and their safety, reliability, and durability cannot meet the requirements of automobiles.
TE intelligent high-voltage power distribution box adopts aluminum alloy housing with good heat dissipation and vibration resistance. It communicates with the whole vehicle controller through high-speed CAN bus 2.0B. It has a high level of safety and sealing waterproof, and has a long life, power consumption, volume and weight. There are also great advantages. At the same time, TE synchronously developed the high-voltage system simulation and debugging application software based on this intelligent high-voltage power distribution box. In the early stage of development, customers can connect the high voltage equipment and system of the PDU through the PC even without connecting the vehicle controller. Evaluation and testing.
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