In the case of minerals, the density of coarse particles is relatively large, and the probability of collision with bubbles is reduced. After the bubbles are attached, the particles are easily detached due to the large shedding force, so the coarse particles are difficult to float. To solve this problem, the most important thing is to improve the collision probability of coarse-grained minerals and bubbles by improving the working parameters of the flotation machine, adjusting the amount of inflation or changing the formulation of the medicament, and enhancing the fixation strength of minerals and bubbles, thereby achieving The floatability of coarse-grained minerals. In recent years, the separation of coarse-grained quartz and feldspar mainly uses the following methods.
1 Hydrogen flotation method is fed into the bottled hydrogen from the inlet pipe in the stirring tank of the flotation tank, and the rest of the operation is the same as the "conventional method". The advantage of this method is that it can float 0.5mm of feldspar, and the purity of quartz and feldspar can reach 96% and 98% respectively. The disadvantage is that the operation is dangerous, fireproof, high temperature resistant, do not mix hydrogen and oxygen, the laboratory must convect the air.
2 Helium flotation method is fed into the bottled hydrogen from the intake pipe in the flotation tank of the flotation tank, and the rest of the operation is the same as the “conventional methodâ€. The advantage of this method is that it can float 0.2~0.4mm feldspar, and the purity of quartz and feldspar can reach 96% and 98% respectively. The downside is that helium is expensive.
3 change of the formulation of the formula with the higher fatty acid amine salt and sodium petroleum sulfonate as a mixed collector to replace the traditional laurylamine, to achieve fluorine-free flotation.
In the early stage of quartz-feldspar separation, there was a fluorine flotation process, in which sulfuric acid was used as a pH adjuster, hydrofluoric acid was used as a quartz inhibitor, and an amine cation collector was used to float feldspar. The process is stable and is still used in some mines, but fluoride ions are polluting the environment. If the return water is not implemented, it is difficult for the wastewater to meet the allowable discharge standards.
Since the flotation purification recovery of feldspar is often inseparable from the separation of quartz, it is impossible to review the principle flow of separation of quartz and feldspar. The flow chart is shown in Figure 1.
Scheme 1: first floating mica, iron-containing minerals float again. First adjust the pH value of the slurry to 3~4 with sulfuric acid, float the mica with an amine collector, then adjust the pH of the slurry to 4~5 with hydrochloric acid, and float the iron-containing mineral with sulfonated petroleum as a collector. Finally, the pH value was adjusted to 2~3 with hydrofluoric acid, and the amine was used as a collector to float the feldspar. Quartz is produced in the form of tailings.
Process 2: In the order of floating iron minerals, floating mica, and floating feldspar. The collector used in Scheme 1 is an amine-sulfonated petroleum-amine, and the collector used in Scheme 2 is a sulfonated petroleum-amine-amine.
Process 3: First, iron minerals are floated, followed by floating feldspars, and tailings are quartz concentrates. It is suitable for quartz sand with low stone core content.
Process 4: When the quartz sand contains more feldspar, adjust the pH value of the slurry to 7~8, use fatty acid as collector, float the iron-containing mineral, add hydrofluoric acid and amine flotation feldspar, and finally When the pH of the slurry is 7-8, the amine is used as a collector to float quartz.
Process 5: using an amine as a collector, mixing flotation quartz and feldspar, mixing the concentrate with hydrofluoric acid and amine flotation feldspar, and tailings are quartz concentrate.
Process 6: Floating iron minerals are then mixed with feldspar and quartz. It is suitable for quartz sand with high iron content.
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